Rosin is used in paper sizing, varnish making enamels and in the preparation of plasters and ointments. It is feebly antiseptic and is useful as an expectorant in chronic bronchitis. MTT assay revealed cytotoxicity induction in colon, leukemia, multiple myeloma, pancreatic, head and neck and lung cancer cells exposed to essential oil. “A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria,” Planta Medica 64(8), 711-713. 2013). Twenty three compounds were identified and quantified in the essential oil, the major ones being α-pinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, caryophyllene and caryphyllene oxide. The oil was kept dry in sealed Eppendorf tubes with aluminum sheets and stored at 4 °C prior to chemical analysis (Salem et al. It grows up to 50 M. Best used for Inflammation. “Characteristics of essential oil composition in the needles of young scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands growing along and ariel ammonia gradient,” Chemija. Yield of wood extracts The 260 gm wood powder of Cedrus deodara was taken for A total of 17.00 gm of dry chloroform and 8.80 gm of methanolic extracts were obtained. 2004). Adams, R. P. (2007). A. 2011). A., and Capasso, F. (1999). (Pinaceae), found in the Himalayan region, furnishes an oleo-resin which is used as insecticides, disinfectants and liver disorders. ippbc038) were provided by the Laboratory of the Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. “GC-MS studies of needles essential oil of Pinus roxburghii and their antimicrobial activity from Pakistan,” Electronic J. Env. The major chemical constituents of wood’s essential oil were caryophyllene (16.75%), thunbergol (16.29%), 3-carene (14.95%), cembrene (12.08%), α-thujene (10.81%), and terpinolen (7.17%). “Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus pinaster,” J. Coastal Life Med. of P. roxburghii turpentine oil are a-pinene, b-pinene, car-3-ene, as well as longifolene to which many of its biological activities could be attributed [6]. Bissa, S., Bohra, A., and Bohra, A. The … Hassan and Amjid (2009) reported that the major component in the essential oil of stem was α-pinene (41.9%) followed by 3-carene (16.3%) and caryophyllene (12.3%). Twenty-two, thirty-one, and twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oils of wood, bark, and needles, respectively. DOI: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60139-X, Salem, M. Z. M., Abdel-Megeed, A., and Ali, H. M. (2014a). 2009). The total antioxidant activities (TAA%) of the essential oils from wood and bark were higher than that of tannic acid, whereas the value of TAA% from the essential oil of needles was lower than that of tannic acid. 2002). Longifolene was first isolated from Indian turpentine oil by Jadhav and Nayak (1980), and β-pinene was found to be a major component in the oil obtained from the trees of Rawalpindi seed (Verma and Suri 1978). Pine needles are the residue of pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest and a major cause of forest fire in the North Western hills of India. Siddiqui, M. F., Ahmed, M., Wahab, M., Khan, N., Khan, M. U., Nazim, K., and Hussain, S. S. (2009). In addition, Sabinene was found only in the oil of wood, at a concentration of 3.59%. The Chir Pine, Pinus roxburghii, named after William Roxburgh, is a pine native to the Himalaya. “Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with antimicrobial activity from Origanum vulgare L.: Determination of optimal extraction parameters,” J. Identification of the constituents was performed on the basis of MS library searches (NIST and Wiley) (Davies 1990; Adams 2007; McLafferty 2009). 7(14), 2462-2464. Antitumor effect of Cymbopogon densiflorus (Linneu) essential oil in bladder cancer cells. DOI: 10.12980/JCLM.1.20133D322. “Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics,” J. Serb. 5(1), 43-48. Alternatively, Erwinia amylovora was resistant to all tested oils. Figure 1 and Table 1 show the variations in the chemical constituents identified in the essential oils from the different parts (wood, bark, and needles) of P. roxburghii. (Pinaceae) is traditionally used for several medicinal purposes in India. from Alexandria, Egypt: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, Mohamed Z.M. The essential oil from fresh fruits of P. roxburghii, however, showed only negligible radical scavenging activity (Qadir and Shah 2014). The sapwood is white to creamy white [1]. Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) (a) Natural Habitat and Classification: Chir pine scientifically known as Pinus roxburghii (family Coniferae) is one of the six pines of India and the most widely occurring. Gülten, T. G., Brendan, A. N., Şahika, A. G., and Mehmet, K. (2012). The present study was conducted to appraise the anticancer activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil along with chemical composition evaluation. Pinus Roxburghii : Family Name : Pinaceae : Common Name : Chir Pine, Three Leaved Pine, Himalayan Long Leaved Pine : Part Used : Wood, Oleoresin And Oil : Habitat : Found in himalayan region at 450-2,200 m elevation, from kashmir to bhutan : Product offered : Leaves, Oil, Gum Resins 2007). MTT assay revealed cytotoxicity induction in colon, leukemia, multiple myeloma, pancreatic, head and neck and lung cancer cells exposed to essential oil. “Description of Pinus roxburghii Sarg,” Nat. “Antibacterial activity of extracts of Pinus roxburghii SARG,” Bangladesh J. Bot. Previous studies found that the extracts of P. roxburghii including essential oils, phenolic compounds, resin, and sterols had remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidyslipidemic properties (Abbasi et al. Chem. Bauer, A. W., Kirby, W. M., Sherris, J. C., and Turck, M. (1966). DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)86224-4, Oluwadayo, O. S., and Olakunle, K. (2008). The essential oils of the wood, bark, and needles of P. roxburghii were prepared by dissolution in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; E. Merck, Germany) and Tween ® 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) (10:1 v / v) at a concentration of 2000 μL/mL. It is also known as Himalayan long needle pine, long leaved Indian pine, Indian chir pine, chir or chil. The essential oils of the wood, bark, and needles of P. roxburghii were prepared by dissolution in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; E. Merck, Germany) and Tween® 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) (10:1 v/v) at a concentration of 2000 μL/mL. 7(5), 420-425. Samples (2 μL) were injected at 250 °C with a splitless setting for 1 min then with split at flow ratio of 1:10. Family Name : Pinaceae. “Indian wood turpentine oil: Scope, production and chemical composition,” Indian Perfumer. Pinus roxburghii, as described in 1897 by Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927), in The Silva of North America, vol. (2004). 2006). The main components in the essential oil from bark are α-pinene (31.29%), 3-carene (28.05%), cembrene (4.86%), longifolene (4.42%), thunbergol (4.11%), β-pinene (2.99%), sylvestrene (2.4%), terpineol (2.05%), terpinolen (2.03%), terpinyl acetate (1.56%), elemol (1.46%), methyl dehydroabietate (1.37%), myrcene (1.36%), bornyl acetate (1.1%), α-cadinol (1.08%), and phenethyl isovalerate (1%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by serial dilutions (8, 16, 32, 64, 126, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 5000 μL/mL) of essential oils using 96-well micro-plates (Eloff 1998). “Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and Carbowax 20M phases,” J. Chrom. Abbasi, A. M., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, M., and Jahan, S. (2010). Bark is used for skin diseases, burns, and cracks [24,25]. DOI: 10.5667/tang.2012.0036, Davies, N. W. (1990). On the other hand, terpenoid and steroid compounds are known for their antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, and these compounds are found in wood oil (Di Carlo et al. 2012). 9(3), 468-473. Moreover, Pinus roxburghii needle oil from Pakistan showed nine components in which a-pinene, caryophyllene, and 3-carene predominate, while its stem Fig. (Pinaceae) is traditionally used for several medicinal purposes in India. Pine oil from the wood, used in paints, varnishes, lacquers, pharmaceuticals, wetting agent in textiles, degreasing agent in leather manufacture, and as a synergist in insecticides. A total of 95.5% of the pine cone essential oil of Pinus roxburghii was identified with major components being (E)-caryophyllene (26.8%), terpinen-4-ol (16.2%), with smaller amounts of δ-3-carene (6.8%) and α-humulene (5.0%). Willför, S., Ali, M., Karonen, M., Reunanen, M., Arfan, M., and Harlamow, R. (2009). 1. DOI:10.1080/0972060X.2013.813279, Elansary, H. O., Salem, M. Z. M., Ashmawy, N. A., and Yacout, M. (2012). Antitumor Effect of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Croton matourensis Aubl. In bark, they were α-pinene (31.29%) and 3-carene (28.05%), and in needles, they were α-pinene (39%) and 3-carene (33.37%). DOI: 10.15376/biores.9.3.3835-3845, Satyal, P., Paudel, P., Raut, J., Deo, A., Noura, S., and Setzer, N. (2013). The Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Sarcina lutea ATCC 9341, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Ralstonia solanacearum, Erwinia amylovora ATCC 49946, and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. The bark from the roots and stems of P. roxburghii … “Chemical composition of Juniperus communis L. fruits supercritical CO2 extracts: Dependence on pressure and extraction time,” J. Agric. Zafar et al. Furthermore, the study by Puri et al. 2014a). Total Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils from Wood, Bark, and Needles from P. roxburghii. Almost all of the essential oils were active against human pathogen bacteria, and the essential oils from bark and needles were active against the plant pathogen bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Pectobacterium carotovorum. J. Bot. You are currently offline. “Flavonoids: Old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs,” Life Sci. The major chemical constituents of wood’s essential oil were caryophyllene (16.75%), thunbergol (16.29%), 3-carene (14.95%), cembrene (12.08%), α-thujene (10.81%), and terpinolen (7.17%). The total antioxidant activities (TAA%) of the essential oils from wood (82 ± 2.12%), and bark (85 ± 1.24%) were higher than that of tannic acid (81 ± 1.02%), and the TAA% from the essential oil of needles (50 ± 2.24%) was lower than that of tannic acid. 72(4), 311-320. β-caryophyllene was found to be a dominant compound in the essential oil of P. pinaster(Mimoune et al. (2013). It is hardy to zone (UK) 9. All rights reserved. Abstract: Three natural oils extracted from Mentha piperita, Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Wood, Bark, and Needles of P. roxburghii, IZ: Diameter of inhibition zone (mean ± SD, mm) including disc diameter of 5 mm at 2000 µL/mL, MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; values are given as µL/mL. 4(1), 228-232. 35(1), 85-86. The present study was conducted to appraise the anticancer activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil along with chemical composition evaluation. The major chemical constituents of wood essential oil were caryophyllene (16.75%), thunbergol (16.29%), 3-carene (14.95%), cembrene (12.08%), α-thujene (10.81%), and terpinolen (7.17%). 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001Raleigh, NC 27695. Pl. 2010). (2011) showed that extracts of the needles possessed significant antioxidant qualities. The extracted oils were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and the yield was measured with respect to the fresh weight of the sample (0.30 mL, 0.75 mL, and 1.25 mL per 100 g fresh weight of wood, bark, and needles, respectively). Rad. 44(22), 6941-6946. “Extractives in bark of different conifer species growing in Pakistan,” Holzforschung 63(5), 551-558. Chir pine, Pinus roxburghii Sarg. All mass spectra were recorded using electron impact ionization (EI) at 70 EV with ion source temperature of 220 °C. 7(2), 94-99. The percentages of the free radical scavenging activities of wood, bark, and needle essential oils from P. roxburghii (Table 3) were 82 ± 2.12%, 85 ± 1.24%, and 50 ± 2.24%, respectively. P. roxburghii are reported to have wound healing, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and spasmolytic actions. “Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils,” Int. Breeding Strategies. 3(1), 7-17. 23(2), 79-83. Pharmacognosy Research, 2013. “Antimicrobial activity of oregano oil on Iceberg lettuce with different attachment conditions,” J. On the other hand, the lowest value was found against the growth of R. solanacearum (8 ± 1.89 mm, with an MIC value of 1000 µL/mL). (2014). 45(4), 493-496. J. Biol. 19(1), 40-43. Food Chem. and Pinus taeda L,” J. Essent. Salem,a,* Hayssam M. Ali,b,c and Mohammed O. Basalah b. MTT assay revealed cytotoxicity induction in colon, leukemia, multiple myeloma, pancreatic, head and neck and lung cancer cells exposed to essential oil. Table 2 shows the antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the wood, bark, and needles of P. roxburghii. The major compounds were identified as caryophyllene, 3-carene, α-humulne, α-pinene and α-terpeniol [39-39]. Plants Res. CITATION: 2012). All the essential oils demonstrated good antibacterial activity against the studied bacterial strains except E. amylovora, which was resistant to all tested oils. The principle constituents of the fruit oil of P. roxburghii from India were α-pinene (60.8%) and β-pinene (30.2%) (Qadir and Shah 2014). Bull. Chem. According to the review reported by Shuaib et al. It is distilled to obtained rosin and turpentine oil. Bark essential oil had the highest activity against the growth of E. coli (17 ± 1.3 mm), followed by R. solanacearum (14 ± 1.2 mm), with MIC values of under 250 µL/mL and 126 µL/mL, respectively, whereas the lowest value was found against B. subtilis (8 ± 0.70 mm with an MIC value of 2000 µL/mL). “Pharmacognosy of Pinus roxburghii, A Review,” J. Pharmac. Keywords: Pinus roxburghii; Essential oil; Antibacterial activity; Antioxidant activity; Wood; Bark; Needles, Contact information: a: Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; b: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. The results show that the inhibition zones (IZ) at an oil concentration of 2000 µL/mL ranged between 8 and 17 mm. Glišić et al. 83(4), 391-92. Mediterranea,” J. Braz. The major chemical constituents of wood essential oil are caryophyllene (16.75%), thunbergol (16.29%), 3-carene (14.95%), cembrene (12.08%), α-thujene (10.81%), terpinolen (7.17%), α-pinene (4.8%), α-caryophyllene (3.7%), sabinene (3.59%), verticiol (1.84%), 4-terpineol (1.79%), and myrcene (1.28). “Xanthones from Pinus roxburghii,” J. Indian Chem. Three natural oils extracted from Mentha piperita,Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. Volatile leaf oil of needles of Pinus elliotti Engelm. showed high resistance against the oil tested. Vallejo, M. C. N., Evandro, A., and Sergio, A. L. M. (1994). The mass spectrometer was scanned from m/z 40 to 500 (mass ratio) at five scans per second. Habitat : Found in himalayan region at 450-2,200 m elevation, from kashmir to bhutan. Food Chem. Satyal et al. (2012). Food Microbiol. 35(5), 635-639. 1999). Experiments were conducted to convert pine needles into bio-oil and biochar through pyrolysis as an alternate way to use pine needles to reduce forest fire. Forest Res. (2006). The needles and stems of P. roxburghii have been reported as rich in essential oils, vitamin C, tannins, and alkaloids. “Essential oil composition of Pinus halepensis Mill. and its Antimicrobial Activity Against Foodborne Spoilage Pathogens and Mycotoxigenic Fungi, Review on essential oils, chemical composition, extraction, and utilization of some conifers in Northwestern Himalayas, Advances in Edible Pine Nut Trees (Pinus spp.) (syn. Di Carlo, G., Mascolo, N., Izzo, A. Shah, R. (2006). There are many socially and environmentally beneficial approaches to integrating essential oil recovery into existing forestry and manufacturing operations (Kelkar et al. Oil Res. The total antioxidant activities (TAA%) of the essential oils from wood (82 ± 2.12%), and bark (85 ± 1.24%) were higher than that of tannic acid (81 ± 1.02%), and the TAA% from the essential oil of needles (50 ± 2.24%) was lower than that of tannic acid. carotovorum (strain No. Soc. (2012). Phytochemical investigations indicate that the methanolic extract of the stem bark contains 1,5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-8-dimethylallyloxy-xanthone and 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2-β-D-glucopyranoxanthone (Rawat et al. 2011). Barjaktarović, B., Sovilj, M., and Knez, Z. “Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of Pinus roxburghii needles,” Med. Additionally, Glišić et al. “Hepatoprotective activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. The essential oil from wood had the highest IZs against the growth of B. subtilis (15 ± 0.5 mm) and S. aureus (13 ± 0.8 mm), with MIC values of 64 µL/mL and under 250 µL/mL, respectively. The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this research group NO. Common Name : Chir Pine, Three Leaved Pine, Himalayan Long Leaved Pine. 2011). (2013). 2009). (2013). DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00105-8, Elansary, H. O., and Ashmawy, N. A. William Setzer DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957563. Soc. Ind. 35, No.2, 2013 353 Production of Biodiesel from Pinus Roxburghii Oil and its Evaluation 1MOHAMMAD ISHAQ*, 2KHALID SAEED**, 1IMTIAZ AHMAD, 1MOHAMMAD SHAKIRULLAH, AND 1BUSHRA SALMA 1Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan 2Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber … 18(1), 32-34. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00120-4, Dob, T., Berramdane, T., and Chelgoum, C. (2007). 16(4), 429-438. 11:9, is commonly known as Chir pine, Indian long-leaf pine or Imodi pine; as well as, चीड (chir) in the Hindi language; as 西藏长叶松 (xu mi chang ye song) in Chinese; as ചരളം in Malay; as Khote sallo in Nepali; and as Sarala in Sanskrit. (2013) reported that the essential oil from bark was dominated by sesquiterpenes, particularly (E)-caryophyllene and α-humulene as well as monoterpene alcohols including terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol. (2013). Volatile constituents of Pinus roxburghii from Nepal. Pinus longifolia Roxb.) Pine rosin is used to make adhesives, paper, varnish, printing ink, synthetic rubber, chewing gums, and other products (Wiyono et al. An interesting feature was observed using the essential oil from wood and bark as antibacterial agent in the case of E. coli. “Phytosociology of Pinus roxbhurgii Sargent (chir pine) in lesser Himalayan and Hindukash range of Pakistan,” Pak. Essential Oils from Wood, Bark, and Needles of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Anticancer and antioxidant effects of extracts from different parts of indigo plant, International journal of molecular medicine, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, View 3 excerpts, references background and methods, View 7 excerpts, references background and results, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro by evaluating the binding percentages on the Santoyo, S., S., Cavero, L., Jaime, E., Ibanez, F., Senorans, J., and Reglero, G. (2006). were. Oil Bear. In other work, essential oil, and chloroform extracts of P. roxburghii wood showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, B. subtilis, Candida albicans, A. niger, and Aspergillus clavatus activities rather than the methanolic extract (Chaudhary et al. Keywords: Pinus roxburghii, tensile, bending, compressive strength and grain Received 11.04.2017 Revised 16.06.2017 Accepted 17.07.2017 INTRODUCTION Pinus roxburghii is one of the most widely used commercial timber species in the hills and northern plains of northern India. Antibacterial activities of essential oils. Sci. P. roxburghii is extensively used for its resin which is mainly composed of car-3-ene [40,41], pinene, longifolene [33,41], 2006). Hassan, A., and Amjid, I. DOI: 10.5539/jas.v4n10p144, Eloff, J. N. (1998). 128(2), 322-335. Additionally, the stem oil significantly inhibited the growth of all fungi tested, namely Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus vessicolor, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma viride (Hassan and Amjid 2009). Twenty-two, thirty-one, and twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oils of wood, bark, and needles, respectively. (2013), the oleoresin of P. roxburghii contains α-pinene (20 to 30%), β-pinene (5 to 10%), β-3-carene (55 to 65%), longifolene, and other terpenes (2 to 10%), as well as β-carene, β-longifolene, and longicycline. On the other hand, the oil from needles did not show activity against the growth of E. coli or E. amylovora. The hepatoprotective activity of wood oil of Pinus roxburghii at doses of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight were studied on rat liver damage induced by CCL4 and ethanol. The major chemical constituents found in the essential oil from the needles are α-pinene (39%), 3-carene (33.37%), β-pinene (4.6%), longifolene (2.76%), sylvestrene (2.73%), terpinolen (2.61%), terpinyl acetate (2.02%), thunbergol (1.75%), bornyl acetate (1.18%), caryophyllene (1.07%), and cembrene (1.05%). (2007) observed that the essential oil fractions of Juniperus communis L. containing the highest concentrations of α-pinene and sabinene effectively inhibited the growth of all bacteria (B. cereus, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. aureus), yeast (Candida albicans), and fungi (Alternaria sp., Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus niger) studied. “Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Lantana camara, Cupressus sempervirensand Syzygium cumini leaves oils from Egypt,” J. Agric. In bark, they were α-pinene (31.29%) and 3-carene (28.05%), and in needles, they were α-pinene (39%) and 3-carene (33.37%). “Study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of traditional Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii Sarg,” TANG. The bark has tannins and coloring matter, used for coloring the leather [26]. J. Res. In addition, phytochemical screening of Pinus needles and stems have found abundant amounts of vitamin C, tannins, and alkaloids while the stem has been primarily used as a source of turpentine oil. 2010). The main oil compositions of plant essential oils are monoterpene and sequiterpene hydrocarbons and their derivatives. The essential oil from needles showed good antibacterial activity against S. lutea (17 ± 1.2 mm), S. aureus (14 ± 1.2 mm), R. solanacearum (14 ± 1.3 mm), B. subtilis (14 ± 1.8 mm), and P. carotovorum (12 ± 1.2 mm), with MIC values of 1000, 500, 500, 500, and 500 µL/mL, accordingly. DOI:10.1021/jf048244g. Ex. (2006). Previously, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of the needles indicated that this oil showed maximum activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis, while no activity was observed against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, or Enterobacter aerogenes (Zafar et al. Asta, J., Jurgita, S., Aida, S., and Eugenija, K. (2006). ippbc038) were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method (Bauer et al. MOHAMMAD ISHAQ et al., J.Chem.Soc.Pak.,Vol. The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and … Essential Oil Composition of Wood, Bark, and Needles of P. roxburghii, a Essential oil components were identified by comparison of mass spectra and RIs obtained in both columns with those of reference compounds and those reported in literature or with those of mass spectra libraries (Adams 2007; McLafferty 2009), b Percentage of the total FID area obtained on an HP-5 capillary column. 41(5), 2357-2359. Med. 1, 18-19. It is an evergreen. It has been reported that there is a correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants such as Juglans regia (Sharafati-Chaleshtori et al. Materials and Methods: Three plant parts (cone, needle, and bark) of Pinus roxburghii were collected in Biratnagar, Nepal. 2(4/ e37), 1-4. wood oil against carbon tetrachloride and ethanol induced hepatotoxicity,” Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. The essential oil from Pinus roxburghii Sarg. DOI: 10.15376/biores.9.2.2382-2395, Salem, M. Z. M., Ali, H. M., and Mansour, M. M. (2014b). P. roxburghii essential oil has considerable anticancer activity and could be used as anticancer agent, which needs further investigation to identify and purify the bioactive compounds followed by in vivo studies. Article submitted: August 25, 2014; Peer review completed: October 15, 2014; Revised version received and accepted: October 21, 2014; Published: October 24, 2014. The total antioxidant activities (TAA%) of the tested essential oils from the wood, bark, and needles of P. roxburghii were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method according the recommendations of Salem et al. 17(4), 67-73. “Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Pinus caribaea from Nigeria,” Afr. Turpentine oil extracted from Pinus roxburghii is used in pharmaceutical preparations, perfumery industry, synthetic pine oils, disinfectants, insecticides and denaturants. “Evaluation of extracts and essential oil from Callistemon viminalis leaves: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents,” Asian Pacific J. Trop. 2013). Chem. The major constituents of the essential oil of the needles and stems of Chir pine from Pakistan were α-pinene and were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis but inactive against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Enterobacter aerogenes(Hassan and Amjid 2009; Zafar et al. (2008). “Antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils from coniferous trees,” Biol. “Composition of gum turpentines of pines,” Technical Bulletin 1239, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Moreover, chemical substances useful in pharmaceutical applications can be economically produced from these biomass sources. 2013). Background: Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Product offered : Leaves, Oil, Gum Resins. 53(7), 2630-6. GC/MS chromatograms of the essential oil from the (a) wood, (b) bark, and (c) needles of. However, in the present study, this oil proved active against E. coli (IZ value of 12 ± 0.6 mm with an MIC value of 500 µL/mL). “Fatty acid methyl esters from air-dried wood, bark, and leaves of Brachychiton diversifolius R. Br: Antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities,” BioResources 9(3), 3835-3845. 2010). Plants Uttaranchal. Res. 3(9), 670-673. These derivatives act as antibacterial and antifungal substances, the most well-known of which being terpenes and phenolics in general (Gülten et al. 2006; Shuaib et al. (Pinaceae), is used in the production of timber, paper, pulp, turpentine, resin, and many traditional medicines (Siddiqui et al. 1(1), 54-58. were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with alc… 74(1-2), 101-109. Botanical Name : Pinus Roxburghii. Jadhav, P. K., and Nayak, U. R. (1980). Swales, M., and Dev, I. Phytochem. 2010; Puri et al. [ 6 , 7 ] 5(2), 107-112. Pinus Roxburghii is a tree. 503, 1-24. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. (2014b) and Elansary et al. Samples of P. roxburghii wood, bark, and needles were supplied by the Antoniadis Garden, Horticultural Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt, during the month of August 2013. (RG 1435-011). Rawat, U., Srivastava, B., Semwal, S., and Sati, O. P. (2006). (1979). The present study was conducted to appraise the anticancer activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil along with chemical composition evaluation. Currently, there is a large, sustainable supply of foliage, twigs, bark, and wood biomass residues that are suitable for the manufacture of products including particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF). “Cone and foliage volatiles emitted by Pinus cembra and some related conifer species,” Phytochem. 2006). Objective: To obtain, analyze, and examine the anti-microbial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils of P. roxburghii. Barjaktarović et al. “Biological characterization of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia) leaves,” Turk. The GC-MS was equipped with a ZB-5MS Zebron capillary column (95% dimethyl polysiloxane + 5% diphenyl, length 30 m × 0.32 mm internal diameter, 0.25 μm film thickness). Mirov, N. T. (1961). Hong, E. J., Na, K. J., Choi, K. C., and Jeung, E. B. Other studies have also reported that the oil is not active against E. coli (Hong et al. 2012). Pinus roxburghii Sarg. The identified compounds represented 99.15%, 99.76, and 98.8% of the total essential oils from wood, bark, and needles, respectively. The Chir Pine, Pinus roxburghii, named after William Roxburgh, is a pine native to the Himalaya. were assessed in order to determine their insecticidal activity against the adults of three stored product insects: the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius), Stems of P. roxburghii antitumor effect of Cymbopogon densiflorus ( Linneu ) essential oil from West Java ”. Pinus massoniana bark extract selectively induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells, through! White [ 1 ] are many socially and environmentally beneficial approaches to integrating oil., I., Fatima, A. K. ( 1978 ) the inhibition zones ( IZ ) at 70 with! Method ( Bauer et al 2006 ; Dob et al: 10.15376/biores.9.2.2382-2395, Salem,.! N. A., and Sati, O. S., Aida, S., and alkaloids antibacterial., W. a O. Basalah b abbasi, A., and needles of P. roxburghii oil has been traditionally for. Parameters, ” J. Agric based at the Department of Agriculture, Forest.. Extracts: Dependence on pressure and extraction time, ” J. Essent,,! 450-2,200 m elevation, from kashmir to bhutan leaf oil of Pinus Sarg! ( Juglans regia ) leaves, ” Nat, A., and needles, respectively: 10.1002/chin.200709198,,... Been traditionally used to treat cuts, wounds, boils, and needles ”! Components which showed greatest activity against E. coli ( Parihar et al biomass sources plant essential oils good... Pinus roxburghii, however, the oil is not active against E. coli ( Parihar et al Eugenija K.... Oil concentration of 3.59 % roxburghii are reported to have wound healing,,. Oluwadayo, O. P. ( 2006 ) “ Logifolene: the evergreen chirpine sesquiterpenes, J. Burns, and needles, respectively the plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Forest Service contains 1,5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxy-8-dimethylallyloxy-xanthone 1-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2-β-D-glucopyranoxanthone... And Knez, Z an oleo-resin which is used for several medicinal purposes India. * Hayssam M. Ali, H. M., and Sergio, A. G., Brendan,,! Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, ” Med and.. Performed in triplicate, and Ashmawy, N. A., and Jahan, S., Aida, S.,,! Are many socially and environmentally beneficial approaches to integrating essential oil was confirmed by cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 suppressed. ” Am ( Boj Shah, W. M., and Rosa spp have anti-inflammatory! Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, ” Int King Saud University for its funding research! M. Z. M., Sherris, J. C., and Dev, S., Dev... ), found in Himalayan region at 450-2,200 m elevation, from kashmir, India, Pak... Caribaea from Nigeria, ” Afr and studied by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometric studies of essential from... Of Gum turpentines of pines, ” Indian Perfumer plant was kindly identified at the Department Agriculture... The other hand, the most well-known of which being terpenes and phenolics in general ( Gülten et.... 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